Question 1

Imiyalo Yokuvimbela: Izinsisekelo

Accepted Answer

Ukuvimbela ama-oda ngokuvamile kuyinkqubo yokuqala yomthetho lapho isisulu sobudlova basekhaya sithinteka khona.
 
EMassachusetts, ukuhlukumeza udlame lwasekhaya kulawulwa yiMassachusetts General Laws isahluko 209A Act Act Prevention. Lo mthetho uklanyelwe ukuvikela umuntu owufakela (uMmangali) ovela kunhlobo oluthile lomhlukumezi (uMshushisi). Ngaphansi kwalo mthetho, uMmangali kanye noMshushisi kufanele bashade noma bebevele beshade, noma baphile ndawonye noma bahlala ndawonye, ​​noma bahlobene negazi noma umshado, noma babe nengane ndawonye, ​​noma bebe nobuhlobo obuningi bokuphola. Uma isisulu sifaka lesi sikhalazo uthi umhlukumezi ulimale ngokomzimba noma uzama ukumlimaza, noma ukumbeka ekwesabeni ukulimala noma kumphoqelele ukuba enze izenzo zocansi ezingenandaba.
 
Umuntu ohlukumezekile unelungelo lokukhetha izinkantolo ukuthi azokufaka lesi sikhalazo. Angaya eNkantolo YesiFunda noma eNgxenyeni Yenkantolo Yomasipala YaseBoston ehlanganisa indawo ahlala kuyo noma iNkantolo Yenqubo Yomndeni kanye neNkantolo Yomndeni lapho ehlala khona. Angase afake futhi kwenye yalezi zinkantolo ezisezindaweni ayebalekele kuzo ukuhlukumeza.
 
Noma yiluphi usuku nesikhathi lapho izinkantolo zivuleka khona isisulu sokuhlukunyezwa (Ummangali) angangena endlini yenkantolo futhi afake isikhalazo sokuVikela kusuka ekuhlukunyezweni. Ihhovisi likamabhalane linikeza ifomu lesikhalazo kanye nefomu ecela ulwazi mayelana nezingane zommangali, uma zikhona. Kukhona nefomu lokuthola ulwazi oluyimfihlo njengaleli kheli loMmangalelwa angacela ukuthi ligcinwe kulesi sikhalazo. Kukhona nefomu lokuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nomhlukumezi (uMshushisi) kufaka phakathi incazelo yakhe engokwenyama, lapho ehlala khona futhi esebenza nokuthi uhlobo luni lwemoto aqhuba ngayo. Ifomu lesikhalazo licela futhi usuku lokuzalwa kanye namagama omzali woMmangalelwa ukuze isheke lorekhodi lobugebengu lungenziwa kuye. Izinkantolo eziningi zicela usuku lokuzalwa kanye nenani lezokuphepha lomphakathi lommangalelwa futhi liqhuba irekhodi lobugebengu. Lokhu kuwukusiza ukuvimbela abahlukumezi ekufuneni imiyalo ngokumelene nabahlukunyezwa ngaphambi kokuba isisulu sinethuba lokufaka, kodwa kuyinto enokuthi isisulu sikhumbule lapho kwenzeka khona ukuthi ivumelekile.
 
Ifomu lesikhalazo linikeza amaningana ukuhlola amabhokisi akhombisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuvikelwa okufunwa yisisulu. Angacela ukuthi uMmangalelwa abekwe ukuba ayeke ukumhlukumeza, ukuba ashiye futhi ahlale kude nomuzi wakhe futhi asebenze indawo, ukuze ahlale kuye inamba ethile yezinyawo futhi angamthintani nganoma iyiphi indlela kufaka phakathi kwabesithathu. Kunezigaba lapho angacela khona ukuthi uMmangalelwa abuyele impahla noma amakhi kuye noma acele ukuba angaphazamisi usizo lwezindlu. Angase acele ukuthi izingane zakhe zifakwe ekuvikeleni, angase acele ukugcinwa kwezingane zakhe nokuthi uMmangalelwa uzokhokhwa ukukhokha ingane noma ukwesekwa komshado.
 
Ingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke ifomu lesikhalazo yi-afidavithi yommangali.
 
Leli khasi lapho uMmangali ebhala khona, ngamazwi akhe, isitatimende esifungelwe ngalokho umhlukumezi akwenze kuye nokuthi kungani efuna ukuvikelwa kwenkantolo. Kumele kube njengokubandakanya futhi okuningiliziwe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ijaji lenze lonke indaba yalokho okwenzekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi isisulu sitshele inkantolo ukuthi lilimale noma ligcinwe esibhedlela noma amaphoyisa ahilelekile. Izinsuku nezikhathi ziwusizo kodwa uma isisulu singabakhumbuli ngokuqondile kufanele senze umzila wesikhathi esiseduze.
 
Ezinye izinkantolo zinamalungelo abasiza uMmangali ukuthi agcwalise amafomu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlangano zivela ezinhlelweni zendawo zobudlova basekhaya, eMassachusetts's Safeplan Program noma ehhovisi likaMmeli Wesifunda.
 
Ngemuva kokuba izincwadi zifakwe ehhovisi likabhalisi, uMmangali uya enkantolo ukuze avele phambi kwejaji. Abanye abahluleli banommangali oma phambi kwenkantolo lapho wonke umuntu okhuluma enkantolo emela khona. Abanye bazozwa lezi zinkantolo zisondele kumjaji e-"sidebar" ukuze kube yimfihlo kakhulu. Ijaji libuka amafomu futhi lifunde i-Affidavit. Abanye abahluleli bangase babuze umbuzo noma ababili ukuze baqonde noma bangase bacele uMmangali ukuthi achaze okuthile ku-Afidavithi. Uma konke kugcwaliswa ngendlela efanele futhi i-Affidavit icacile ukuthi ijaji lizofaka i-Order Yesikhashana evumelana nezinsuku eziyishumi. Usuku lubekwe lapho izinsuku eziyishumi zidlulile uMmangalelwa ukuba abuyele enkantolo ukuze abe nokulalelwa ukuthi i-oda ilandiswe. Ngosuku lweshumi uMshushisi "ukhishwa" nge-Order, okusho ukuthi amaphoyisa asendaweni amthola futhi amnike ikhophi ye-oda kanye nesaziso sokulalelwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Ummangalelwa unelungelo lokuza enkantolo ngalolo suku futhi utshele ijaji uma efuna i-oda.
 
Ekulaleleni kuyasiza ukuthi uMmangali abe nemibiko yamaphoyisa, imibiko yezokwelapha noma ofakazi uma ikhona. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zingatholakali ijaji lilalela ubufakazi bobabili abantu futhi lenze isinqumo ngokuthi ubani obonakala eqinisile. Ukuhlela ukuphepha kubalulekile kulolu suku lokulalela. Izikhulu zekhotho emahholo nasenkantolo zingasiza abahlukunyezwa bazizwe bephephile ngokuqaphela isimo. Uma isisulu sizwa singaphephile enkantolo, ummeli wakhe kufanele atshele amapholisa enkantolo akhona ngesimo. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi akukho oxhumana naye olingwa nguMsolwa kanye nokuma ngokomzimba phakathi kwamaqembu ngesikhathi sokulalelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi isisulu singase sihlale ehhovisi lommeli ngaphandle koMmangalelwa kuze kufike icala. Uma ijaji lendlulisela i-oda ngosuku olulandelayo lokuzwa lungase lufike unyaka owodwa. Ngaleso sikhathi ukulalelwa kommangalelwa kubuyele enkantolo futhi uma efuna ukuthi i-Order ilandiswe futhi uMmangalelwa angabonakala futhi aphike futhi. Ummangali kufanele abike ukuthi uMmangalelwa uphule i-oda phakathi nonyaka; Kodwa uma engazange aliphule, lelo qiniso lodwa alisho ukuthi i-oda akumele ilandiswe. Uma uMmangali esesaba uMshushisi ijaji kumele lenze iNkantolo ilandise futhi kulokhu kungenza i-oda lihlale linomphela. Lapho ukulalelwa sekuphelile, ukuhlela ukuphepha kufanele kuqhubeke. Ummangalelwa angagcinwa egumbini lenkantolo amaminithi ambalwa avumela uMmangali ukuba ashiye ngaphandle kokuzwa ukuthi angalandelwa.
 
Amaphoyisa anikeze inkantolo ubufakazi bokuthi uMmangalelwa ususiwe. Uma ngabe ukhishwe kodwa engangeni enkantolo ukulalelwa kwejaji kuzovame ukwandisa i-oda ngokusekelwe kwesicelo sokuqala sonyaka owodwa emva kwezinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala nangemva kwalokho kungenza kube njalo. Ummangalelwa akazange enze noma yibuphi ubugebengu esekelwe kuphela ukuthi unomyalelo wokuvimbela ngokumelene naye. Kodwa uma ephula noma yiliphi ingxenye ye-oda uwenza ubugebengu. Ummangalelwa kufanele ahlale egcina ikhophi ye-oda kumuntu wakhe ukukhombisa amaphoyisa esimweni esiphuthumayo nokushayela 911 uma kunesidingo ukubika ukwephula.
 
Uma isisulu sokuxhashazwa sidinga ukuvikelwa ngosuku noma isikhathi sosuku izinkantolo ezingavulwa angafaka isicelo se-oda eliphuthumayo esiteshini samaphoyisa sendawo. Kukhona abahluleli ekuhameni ngezimpelasonto, ebusuku namaholidi akhipha ama-oda aphuthumayo eziteshini zamaphoyisa ngocingo. Le miyalo ithunyelwa kuMshushisi ngamaphoyisa futhi ukulalelwa kusekwe ngosuku olulandelayo ukuthi inkantolo ivuliwe.

Question 2

Imiyalo yokuvimbela: Ezinye izimo ezikhethekile

Accepted Answer

Umthetho Wezobudlova Kwabesifazane ngumthetho wesifundazwe ohlinzeka ngokuthi iMilayezo Yokuvikelwa Kokuxhashazwa Kwamanye Amandla ahlonishwa yiwo wonke amanye amazwe. Uma isisulu sithuthela eMassachusetts futhi sinomyalelo kusuka kwesinye isifunda kufanele sifake ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yalowo Myalelo nge-Afidavithi enkantolo ehlanganisa indawo ahlala kuyo. Ngokufanayo, uma isisulu sithola i-oda eMassachusetts bese sithutha kufanele silethe ikhophi eqinisekisiwe ye-oda yakhe kanye naye bese sixhumana ne-ejensi yodlame lwasekhaya endaweni yakhe entsha ukuthola inqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Order yakhe izohlonishwa lapho.
 
Ezinye izithiyo ezingase zibe khona zivela lapho ezinye izisulu zifuna ukufaka ukuvikelwa kokuhlukunyezwa. Esinye isithiyo esinjalo ukufinyelela kolwazi. Ihhovisi laseMassachusetts of Interpreters Court lihhovisi elihlinzeka abahumushi ekwenzeni izinkantolo. Lapho uMmangali eya enkantolo nge-oda yokuvimbela unelungelo lokucela umhumushi futhi ihhovisi likamabhalane kufanele lenze isicelo kuye. Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile abahumushi abanele bathola ngokushesha futhi uMmangali kumele alinde ukufika kwawo kodwa kubalulekile ukuba akhumbule ukuthi unelungelo lokuba nomhumushi lapho. Abaphikisi abakhubazekile nabo kufanele bazi ukuthi banamalungelo afanayo nalabo abangenakho ukukhubazeka futhi izinkantolo kufanele zizinake lapho zifuna ama-oda okuvikela ukuhlukunyezwa.
 
Ngezinye izikhathi umhlukumezi uzoya enkantolo futhi athi uzokuhlukunyezwa futhi acele umyalo wokuvikelwa ngaphambi kokuba isisulu sangempela sithole ithuba lokwenza kanjalo. Lesi simo singenza kube nzima kubahluleli ukuba banqume ukuthi ngubani umhlukumezi wangempela futhi ngezinye izikhathi bazokhipha ama-oda ngokumelene nalabo bantu noma "Amakhomithana Wokuxhumana". Lokhu akuyona into abahluleli okufanele bayenze ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle kakhulu futhi kudingeka babeke lezi zizathu ngokubhala ngokuthi "ukufundwa".

Question 3

Imiyalo yokuvimbela: Izinketho

Accepted Answer

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, izisulu zobudlova basekhaya zibhekana nokukhetha okunye lapho becabanga ngokuthola imiyalo yokuvimbela. Enye yokukhetha yimuphi inkantolo eya kuyo uma ufaka i-oda. Izisulu kumele zibheke ukuthi umehluko ukhona phakathi kokufaka eNkantolo YesiFunda noma eNkantolo Yomndeni kanye neNkantolo Yomndeni. Amakhotho wesifunda angase abe lula kakhulu ngokwendawo ngoba kuneziningi zazo. Abahluleli beNkantolo yesiFunda bayavunyelwa ukuba baqinisekise ukuthi abantwana bommangali bathole ukuvikelwa okufanayo kokuhlukunyezwa njengoMmangali futhi banganikezela ukugcinwa koMmangali. Abahluleli beNkantolo yesiFunda abavunyelwe ukuhleleka ukuvakashelwa nezingane kummangalelwa. Akuyona into engavamile ukuba uMmangalelwa avele eNkantolo YesiFunda ukuzwa okungu-209A futhi utshele ijaji ukuthi akaphikisi ku-oda kodwa ufuna ukubona izingane zakhe. Akufanelekile ukuthi ijaji lenze lokhu kwenzeke ngokumelene nentando yommangali. Akufanele futhi ukuthi abasebenzi bekhotho batshele izisulu ukuthi kumele bahambe eNkantolo Yomthetho WezeMndeni kanye neNkantolo yomndeni uma kukhona izingane ezibandakanyekile kulolu cala. Ummangalelwa anganquma ukwenza lokho uma ezwa ukuthi ukuvakashelwa kufanelekile futhi kungenziwa ngokuphepha.
 
Okunye okukhethwa nguMmangali ongakwenza kungakhathaliseki ukufaka i-oda lapho ehlala khona noma lapho eseye khona ukubalekela ukuhlukunyezwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi uMmangali akhumbule ngokuphepha kwakhe ukuthi umhlukumezi uyoba nomqondo wendawo lapho angase ahlale khona ngokusekelwe lapho efaka khona.
 
Uma ucabangela ukufaka isicelo se-Abuse Prevention Order, isinqumo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthi ngabe ungayifaka noma cha. Isisulu sidinga ukucabangela izici eziningi. Nguye owazi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sakhe nobungane ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye. Kudingeka acabange ukuthi lowo ohlukumezayo uzohlonipha yini i-oda noma, ngoba uzizwa amandla akhe nokulawulwa kwakhe kunselele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzokwenza ngaphandle kokubheka imiphumela. Umhlukumezi uyazi nokuthi umhlukumezi uzoziphatha kanjani enkantolo nokuthi ngabe ufuna ukubhekana naye kuleso sithangami noma cha. Izisulu akufanele zitshelwe ukuthi zidinga ukufaka i-oda yokuvimbela ngokumelene nentando yabo nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Akufanelekile ukuthi uMnyango wezingane nezingane utshele isisulu ukuthi kumele afake i-oda uma eyazi ukuthi ngeke kube ephephile ukuba enze kanjalo. Futhi, iziphathimandla zezindlu akufanele ziphikelele ukuthi umqashi onomsebenzi angaba ne-Order Restraining ukufakazela ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kuqala. Inhloso yomthetho we-209A ukuvimbela ukuhlukumeza nokugcina i-filer iphephile. Uma ngabe isisulu sinomuzwa wokuthi uzobe esiphephile nge-oda endaweni ngaphandle kokunye kufanele afune ukuvikelwa kwenkantolo.
 
Isimiso se-Massachusetts Restraining Order senzelwe ukwenza kube nzima ukuba isisulu sithole usizo akudingayo eyedwa; akukho mali yokufaka futhi ummeli akadingi kodwa kungasiza ukuthi omunye umuntu akhulume phakathi nale nqubo yokwenza izinqumo. Abameli kanye nabameli, kubandakanya lezo ze-Finex House Legal Advocacy
 
Uhlelo luyatholakala ukuze lunikeze isiqondiso futhi luphendule imibuzo, kodwa isinqumo sokugcina sihlale sisisulu.
 
Esinye isizathu isisulu esingase sicabange ukufuna usizo lwezomthetho ukuthi Abavikeli kulezi zindlela baye bafundeka ngokuqondene nomthetho futhi akuyona into engavamile ukuba babe nabameli babo ngokwabo kulezi zikhalazo.

Question 4

Imithetho Yokuvimbela: Abalingani Abangabambisene Naye

Accepted Answer

Ngomhla ka-12 Meyi 2010, iMassachusetts General Law isahluko 258E inikeza olunye uhlobo lokuvikela izisulu eMassachusetts. Lo mthetho unciphisa isigaba sabantu okungahle kufuneke Amakhomithi Okuvimbela. Izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlukunyezwa zingathola ama-oda ngokumelene nabalingani abangathandana nabo njengabasebenza nabo, ofunda nabo kanye nomakhelwane. Abahlukumezi balo mthetho bangase babanjwe nobugebengu.

Question 5

I-Criminal Process

Accepted Answer

Ngezinye izikhathi icala lobugebengu ngokuphathelene noMmangali noMshushisi liyaqhubeka ngenkathi i-oda le-209A liqala. Lokhu kwenzeka uma uMmangalelwa eboshiwe ngokuhlukumeza noma ehanjiswe ukuba kube nokukhishwa kwesigwebo noma isikhalazo sobugebengu esikhishwe ngumantji. Yilapho uMmangalelwa engekho uMmangalelwa enkantolo yezomthetho kodwa uNgqongqoshe wezoPhoyisa esecaleni lobugebengu. Ngalesi sikhathi i-Commonwealth yaseMassachusetts iyaqhubeka nokuphikisana noMshushisi kanye nehhovisi likaMmeli Wesifunda eliphethe icala. Ummeli wecala ubizwa ngokuthi uMshushisi noma Ummeli Wesifundazwe (Assistant District Attorney (ADA) noMshushisi futhi unommeli ayeqashe noma oqokwe yinkantolo. Kuyasiza ukuthi isisulu siqonde inqubo.
 
Uma amaphoyisa ebizwa ngezingxabano zasekhaya kanye nobudlova kuthiwa, amaphoyisa kumele abophe umuntu osolwa ngokuba ngummangalelwa. Ummangalelwa uzobe eseqedile futhi usuku lubekwe ukulungiswa komsebenzi. Kule ndawo lapho inkantolo inquma ukuthi uMshushisi uboshiwe noma chashelwe noma ngabe ukhululekile kuye ngokuthi ngabe ubhekwa njengenIsisulu akudingeki ukuthi sifake isikhalazo seNkohlakalo noma sihlanganyele necala lobugebengu okufanele siyifake noma sithole i-Order Restraining. Ngokufanayo, uma kukhonjelwa izikhalazo zobugebengu noma icala lobugebengu ngokumelene noMshushisi akudingeki afake i-oda lokuvimbela.gozi noma angase abaleke ngaphambi kosuku olulandelayo lwenkantolo. Ngosuku olulandelayo lwekhotho, i-pretrial, i-DA ivame ukuthanda ukuthintana nesisulu ngalokho akushoyo kwenzekile nokuthi yini angathanda ukubona ukuthi yenzeke kuMmangalelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi i-DA izoba nobufakazi obanele bokuqhubeka ngaphandle kobufakazi besisulu kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ubufakazi bakhe buwukuphela kobufakazi kulolu cala. Uma lokho kwenzeka isisulu singase sibekwe phansi ukufakaza. Uma esaba noma engafuni ngenxa yanoma yisiphi isizathu, i-DA ingakhetha ukuyikhokha ngokudelela kodwa kaningi ngeke ibe ngenxa yokuzwela mayelana nokwesaba kwakhe. Abavikeli bazovame ukufaka icala benecala ngaphambi kwecala.
 
Amahhovisi Ommeli Wesifunda anama-Advocate Witness Advocates abasiza abahlukunyezwayo ukuthi baqonde le nqubo futhi banikele ngenkxaso yabo. Kubalulekile ukuthi isisulu sikhumbule ukuthi ummeli wesifunda kanye nabasebenzi bayo, kuhlanganise noMmeli woMshushisi wezeMvelo abamele ummeleli futhi akanalo ilungelo lommeli welungelo lomuntu ohlukunyezwayo. Ulwazi abaluthola kumuntu ohlukumezekile lungase lube nolwabelwane lommeli. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuvame ukuba kuhle ukuba isisulu sibe nommeli womphakathi noma ummeli wobudlova basekhaya osebenza naye.

Question 6

Udlame lwasekhaya nomthetho womndeni

Accepted Answer

Uma isisulu kanye nomhlukumezi sishade noma sinezingane ndawonye izinqubo zingase zenzeke eNkantolo Yenqubo Yomndeni. Isisulu sinelungelo lokufakela isahlukaniso, ukugcinwa kwengane kanye nokwesekwa kwabantwana nomlingani lapho. Uma isisulu singakwazi ukukhokhela izimali zokufaka imali ezikhokhisiwe kwezinye zezenzo, zingase zifake i-Afidavit ye-Indigency ukuthi lezi zimali zikhokhiswe.
 
Ngokuvamile izisulu zikhathazekile ngokuthi izingane zabo aziphephile ngenkathi zihambela nomhlukumezi ngenxa yomlando wobudlova noma izinsongo zokungabuyeli izingane. Unelungelo lokucela ukuhambela okuqondisiwe uma bengabonisa iNkantolo ukuthi kuyadingeka. Uma kungekho muntu wesithathu otholakala ukuqondisa ukuvakashelwa kunamasevisi okuvakasha alawulwayo atholakala emhlabeni wonke ngale njongo. Lezi zikhungo zikhokha imali futhi umzali odinga ukuphathwa kufanele akhokhe ukuvakashelwa. Uma kukhona i-Order Restraining endaweni evela eNkantolo YesiFunda, iNkantolo Yobufakazi neNkantolo ivumelekile ukuba ihambe noma iguqule ukuze ivumele ukuvakashelwa.
 
I-Massachusetts Department of Revenue Child Support Force Unit izovame ukubandakanyeka ezimweni lapho ukuxhaswa kwabantwana kuyinkinga. Le nhlangano iqhuba ukuhlolwa kwabazali uma kunesidingo, inesevisi yendawo yokuthola abazali abafanele imali futhi basebenzise isabelo somholo ukuze bathathe imali ngokuqondile isheke lokukhokha komzali ukuze bathumele komunye umzali.
 
Ukuxhaswa Kwesibambisene noma i-Alimony ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala nezisulu zobudlova basekhaya eNkantolo Yenqubo Yomndeni. Ijaji libheke izinto eziningi ekunqumeni ukuthi liyala yini lolu hlobo lokusekela kuhlanganise ubude bomshado kanye nekhono lomuntu ohlukunyezwayo ukuthola imali emva kokuhlukaniswa.
 
Uma isisulu sobudlova basekhaya siya eNkantolo Yomthetho kanye neNkantolo Yomndeni ngoba lezi zinqubo kufanele zithathe izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuphepha njengokuthola i-Order Restraining. Ngaphambi kokuya ngaphambi kweJaji leNkantolo leNkantolo neNkantolo yomndeni yalezi zinkantolo uMmangali kanye noMshushisi bavame ukuthunyelwa eHhovisi LokuPhakamisa lapho bebona ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga nokuthi yiziphi zazo ezifunayo. Isisulu kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi i-Probation ihhovisi iyazi ukuthi inalo yini isimiso sokuvimbela ukuze angenzi ukuhlala egumbini nomhlukumezi wakhe uma engakhululekile ukwenza lokho.

Question 7

Ubudlova basekhaya kanye neSifunda sezingane kanye nemindeni

Accepted Answer

Imindeni ivame ukuzibandakanya noMnyango Wezingane Nezinhlalakahle (DCF) lapho umbiko othi ukuhlukumeza noma ukunganakwa kwengane kufakwe ngaphansi kweMassachusetts General Law isahluko 119 isigaba 51A. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-51A". Kukhona abantu abaningi kubandakanya odokotela, othisha nabanye abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwengane okudingeka ukuba bafake le mibiko uma besolwa ukuthi ingane ihlukunyezwa noma inganakiwe. Uma umbiko uthathwa njengokwethenjelwa i-DCF izophenya. Uma ingane isendaweni lapho udlame lwasekhaya lwenzeka khona, i-DCF izocabangela lokhu ukunganaki futhi ivule icala mayelana nomndeni. Umzali unelungelo lokucela ukulalela uma engavumelani nesinqumo sokuthi ingane isetshenziselwa kabi noma inganakiwe kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zokulalelwa zihlelwe ukuthi leli lungelo alinayo incazelo eningi. Uma kwenzeka icala livuliwe, isimo sizohlolwa, isisebenzi sinikezwe futhi "Uhlelo Lokusebenza" luzosetshenziselwa umndeni. Uma i-DCF inomuzwa wokuthi abazali bayabeka ingane engozini bangayisusa ingane ekhaya ngokuphuthumayo. I-DCF kufanele ingene eNkantolo Yabafana engakapheli amahora angu-72 iphinde ifake isicelo sokuthi "Ukunakekelwa Nokuvikelwa" ukuthola imvume yomthetho yengane. Umzali ngamunye unelungelo lommeli walokhu kuqhubeka futhi ingane ibuye ibekwe njengommeli. 
Le nqubo ivame ukuqala ngoba isisulu sokuhlukunyezwa asizange sikwazi ukukhipha izingane zakhe futhi sishiye umhlukumezi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesaba, ukuthembela ngokwezomnotho noma noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezizathu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Inkinga ngokuvamile iba yinye ikhono lomhlukumezi lokuzihlukanisa nomhlukumezi noma ngokungena endaweni yokukhosela, ukuthola umyalelo wokuvimbela noma ukuthatha ezinye izinyathelo zokuzigcina yena kanye nezingane zakhe ephephile. Ngezinye izikhathi isihlobo singavunyelwa njengomzali okhulayo noma ngezinye izikhathi i-DCF izokwaneliseka ukuthi ingane iphephile futhi izokubuyisela emzimbeni ngisho noma igcina isitifiketi somthetho, okusho ukuthi isabhekene nezinqumo ezibalulekile empilweni yengane. Uma ingane isondla ukunakekelwa kwezingane, ukubuyekezwa kwe-Foster Care kuqhutshwa njalo emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha lapho umgomo wekusasa lomntwana ungavuselelwa khona. Uma ingane ihlala ekunakekelwa kwabantwana abangamalungu omndeni unyaka owodwa uhlelo lokugcina unomthetho ngaphansi koMthetho Wokutholwa Nokuvikela Imindeni kufanele lwakhiwe ingane. Kubalulekile ukuthi isisulu sisebenze nommeli wakhe ukuvikela amalungelo akhe, ugcine uxhumane nengane yakhe uma kungenzeka, futhi ubonise inkantolo ukuthi uyakwazi ukugcina ingane yakhe iphephile ukuze umgomo uhlale uhlangana nomzali futhi ungabi ukwamukelwa. Inhloso yokwamukelwa kusho ukuthi i-DCF ingathatha leli cala ukuba livivinywa ekuqedeni amalungelo omzali. Ngezinye izikhathi umzali uyakugwema lokhu ngokuvumelana nokutholwa okuvulekile lapho begcina khona amalungelo okuvakasha nengane.

Question 8

Ubudlova basekhaya nasemakhaya

Accepted Answer

Inkinga ebalulekile kwabaningi izisulu zobudlova basekhaya yizindlu. Ukuze uhlale uphephile isisulu kumele sithuthele ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi uhlala endaweni ephethwe ngumhlukumezi noma umndeni wakhe noma kungenzeka ukuthi ahambe endaweni ethile lapho umhlukumezi angamtholi khona. Izindlu yinkinga enzima kakhulu ngoba ayitholakali futhi iyabiza. Iziphathimandla zezindlu zomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo eziphansi zokuthola imali ngokuvamile zinezinhlu eziningi zokulinda. Kodwa-ke, izisulu zobudlova basekhaya kufanele zisebenzise njalo isimo sokuqala esitholakalayo ngokusebenzisa iziphathimandla eziningi zendawo yokuhlala. Uzokwamukela isikhundla sokuqala uma ebonisa ukuthi uchithekile ngenxa yodlame lwasekhaya. Uma enqatshelwa lokhu kuqala noma enqatshelwe izindlu nganoma yisiphi isizathu kufanele acele, inqubo evame ukubandakanya ingqungquthela engakahleleki. Izindlu nezakhamuzi zomthetho ezinhlelweni eziningi zobudlova zasekhaya, kuhlanganise neFinex House ziyatholakala ukusiza ngale nqubo.

Question 9

Udlame lwasekhaya kanye nokufuduka kwamakhaya

Accepted Answer

Izisulu zobudlova basekhaya abathutheli babhekene nezimo ezithile eziyingqayizivele. Ngezinye izikhathi isisulu esithile esishadile sishadile nesakhamuzi sase-US (USC) noma i-Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) okwazi ukumxhasa ngokuhlala komndeni ngokuhlala unomphela, kodwa uyamhlukumeza, wenqaba ukumxhasa futhi ubambe ukungabi naso kwesimo sokufuduka phezu kwakhe njengendlela yokumlawula. Umthetho Wezobudlova Kwabesifazane uvumela abokufika abahlukumezekile ukuba bacele ukuhlala kwabo ngokomthetho kunokuba bathembele kumlingani wabo ohlukumezayo ukwenza lokho. Umhlukumezi kumele akhombise ukuthi ukhona noma ukhona emshadweni okholwayo, uye wahlukumeza futhi ungumuntu wokuziphatha okuhle.
 
Enye ikhambi kwezinye izisulu ezifudukayo yisicelo se-U isimo. Isihambi esasisisulu sezenzo ezithile zobugebengu futhi sisebenzisana nezinhlangano ezithile zikahulumeni mayelana nalabo bugebengu abangafaka isicelo salesi simo. Inhlangano kahulumeni kumele iqinisekise ukuthi isisulu sisebenzisana futhi isisulu kumele sinikeze isitatimende sendlela ubugebengu obathinte ngayo. Ama-agency anganikeza isitifiketi afaka phakathi iminyango yamaphoyisa, amahhovisi e-District Attorneys kanye noMnyango wezingane nezingane. Isimo se-U sisasebenza iminyaka emithathu emva kwesikhathi lapho umfiki angafaka isicelo se-Lawful Permanent Residency.
 
Ukukhoseliswa kwezombangazwe kungenye indlela yokulungisa izihambi ezibalekele ezweni lapho zihlaselwe khona izidakamizwa zasekhaya. Ngesinye isikhathi udlame lwasekhaya alubhekwa njengesizathu sokuthola ukukhoseliswa kwezombusazwe kodwa manje sekuqala ukucatshangelwa.

Question 10

Udlame lwasekhaya kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi

Accepted Answer

Usizo lwezoThuthukisa emindenini enezingane ezixhomekile (TAFDC) uhlelo lwezenhlalakahle olunikeza izinzuzo zemali emindenini engenaminye eminye imithombo engenayo. Uma izisulu zobudlova basekhaya zidinga ukuqala ngempilo yazo zivame ukudinga usizo kuloluhlelo.
 
Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokufaka isicelo salezi zinzuzo ehhovisi lendawo yoMnyango Wezosizo Zesiguquko (DTA). Uma abasebenzi ehhovisi bekholelwa ukuthi othile ngeke abafanelekele wona ayikavunyelwe ukumphika ilungelo lokufaka isicelo. Uma efaneleka kufanele athole izinzuzo kusukela ngosuku lokufaka isicelo.
 
Kukhona ochwepheshe bezobudlova basekhaya abanikezwa emahhovisi e-DTA kanye nabahlukunyezwa bangacela usizo lwabo uma benenkinga ngezinzuzo zabo.
 
Kunemingcele yokuthi umndeni ungathola luni usizo lo msebenzi isikhathi eside nokuthi imisebenzi ethile kufanele iqhutshwe kanjani, kodwa uma isisulu singabonisa ukuthi ubudlova basekhaya buye bamvimba ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile angathola ukwandiswa kwemingcele noma ukuyeka ukuhlanganyela imisebenzi.
 
Futhi uma umuntu ovela kwelinye izwe engashadile nesakhamuzi sase-US noma uMhlali Ohlala Unomthetho owahlukumeza akudingeki ukuba abe khona kuleli zwe ukuze kube neminye iminyaka emihlanu edingekayo ukuze bathole lezi zinzuzo.
 
Amacala e-TAFDC adluliselwa eMnyangweni Wezezimali ngenhloso yokuqoqa ukusekelwa kwabantwana komunye umzali. Ngezinye izikhathi isisulu sobudlova basekhaya asizizwa siphephile kulezi zinqubo uma omunye umzali engumhlukumezi wabo. Kulezi zimo uvunyelwe ukuthola umphumela othi "Okuhle" lapho engadingeki ukuba ahlanganyele ekuqiniseni ukusekelwa kwengane.
 
Kungakanani umamukeli we-TAFDC othola ngezinzuzo inyanga ngayinye ngokuyingxenye enqunywa ubukhulu bomndeni wakhe. Owesifazane kanye nesinye sezingane zakhe babalwa kwisabelomali noma banikele umndeni wakhe. Kodwa-ke uma owesifazane enomunye ingane ngenkathi ethola izinzuzo ingane ezobhekwa njenge "cap baby" futhi ngeke yengezwe kwisabelomali. Isisulu sokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, onomntwana ngenxa yalokho kuhlaselwa, angase afake ukukhishwa kokubusa komntwana we-cap.
 
Omunye umthombo ongasiza otholakala ezisulu zobudlova basekhaya yizinzuzo zokungasebenzi. Uma isisulu esilahlekile noma sidinga ukushiya umsebenzi ngenxa yodlame lwasekhaya umthetho uthi kufanele ufanelekele lezi zinzuzo.

Question 11

Ezinye izinhlelo eziwusizo

Accepted Answer

Inxephezelo yokuhlukunyezwa yinkqubo yeHhovisi laseMassachusetts Attorney General. Kuyisikhwama sokugcina okusetshenziselwa izisulu zobugebengu okuye kwadingeka ukuthi bakhokhe izindleko zezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa kwengqondo noma ulahlekelwe umholo ngenxa yobugebengu futhi awunayo inshuwalense noma enye indlela yokubuyiselwa imali. Lesi sikhwama sikhombisa u-$ 25, 000 esikhokhweni ngenxa yalezi zilahleko uma ubugebengu bebikwa ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu futhi isisulu sisebenzisana nokushushiswa. Izisulu zinezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kobulelesi ukufaka isicelo.
 
IHhovisi likaNobhala KaMbuso waseMassachusetts lisekela uhlelo lokudlulisela iposi olubizwa ngokuthi i-Address Confidential Programme. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngebhokisi leposi elibhekiswe ezisulu zobudlova basekhaya, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili noma ukugxeka. Izisulu zingasebenzisa le P.O. ibhokisi kuma-ejensi kahulumeni wasekhaya kanye nendawo futhi akudingeki ukuba basebenzise ikheli labo elingokomzimba ukubhalisa imoto yabo noma kulayisensi yabo yokushayela. Lokhu kuyisivikelo kwabakuhlukumezi abanolwazi mayelana nokufinyelela ulwazi lokuthola ulwazi ukuze bathole isisulu.

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